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What is EIIS? EIIS Video EIIS Service Delivery System What is ASD? |
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Service Provider Parent Resource Package Training Opportunities Regional Evaluation Report |
Section 4 - Information and Resources
Parent Resource Package ABA or IBI - Applied Behavioral Analysis or Intensive Behavioral Intervention - ABA/IBI is the teaching of skills to children with ASD through intensive therapy using behavioural principles (discrete trial teaching methods). Activities of Daily Living - usually include activities that are typically associated with self-help tasks such as eating, dressing, grooming or domestic activities such as cooking and cleaning. Adaptations - modifications or alterations of the curriculum, the support system, the environments, or teaching strategies to match individual needs (strengths and deficits). The adaptations ensure that the student can participate actively and as independently as possible. Adaptive behaviour - refers to individual's ability to adjust to and apply new skills to other situations (i.e. different environments, tasks, objects and people) ADOS: Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule - this is a tool used by psychologists to help them determine if a child meets the criteria for an Autistic Spectrum Disorder. Advocate - someone who takes action to help someone else; also, to take action on someone's behalf. Alternative / Augmentative Communication (AAC) - refers to any approach used to support, enhance or supplement the communication of those who are unable to communicate verbally in all situations. This can include low-tech systems (e.g. sign language or pictures) or high-tech systems (e.g. voice output devices) Apraxia - 1) The ability to understand spoken language and sometimes written text, but unable to speak. 2) The lack of praxis or motor planning. When seen in children, a sensory integrative dysfunction that interferes with planning and executing unfamiliar tasks. Asperger's Syndrome - a higher functioning disorder under the ASD umbrella, children with Asperger's often go undiagnosed until older. Assessment - a collecting and bringing together of information about a child's needs, which may include social, psychological, and educational evaluations used to determine services; a process using observation, testing, and test analysis to determine an individual's strengths and weaknesses in order to plan his or her services. Auditory - pertaining to the sense of hearing. Autistic Spectrum Disorder (ASD) Generic term referring to a group of disorders that share certain essential features including: difficulty with social interactions, difficulty communicating, and unusual behaviours. Behaviour - observable actions and responses to things in the environment. These actions and responses are also influences by internal factors such as understanding, feelings, and emotions. Best Practices: are strategies, activities, or approaches which have been shown through experience, research and evaluation (proven) to reliably lead to a desired result or outcome. A commitment to using the best practices in any field is a commitment to using all the knowledge and technology at one's disposal to ensure success. Brushing therapy - a special type of therapy developed by Patricia and Julia Willbarger designed for reducing tactile defensiveness by using a soft surgical brush to brush the arms, back and legs of individuals who exhibit tactile defensiveness. The stomach should never be brushed and this therapy should always be supervised by an occupational therapist trained in sensory integration. Childhood Disintegrative Disorder (CDD) is part of the autistic spectrum where characteristics similar to autism develop later in childhood. Co-existing Disorders: This refers to individuals who may also have another disorders along with ASD. These include impulse-control disorders, psychoses, obsessive-compulsive disorder, seizures, mood and anxiety disorders, and developmental delays. Also called Co-morbid Disorders or Differential Diagnosis. Cognitive - a term that describes the process people use for remembering, reasoning, understanding, and using judgment; in special education terms, a cognitive disability refers to difficulty in learning. Communication - an interactive process that conveys information and ideas from one person to another. Communication is a social skill that had the potential for influencing others and gaining some control over one's environment. Consequence - something that occurs as a direct result of action or effort. Consequences can be pleasant and reinforcing or unpleasant and punishing. Consultant Therapy - a form of delivery of related services in which the service provider acts as a consultant to help someone else meet the child's goals and objectives. Developmentally Delayed (DD) - a term used to describe the development of children who are not able to perform the skills other children of the same age are usually able to perform Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV) The guide used by clinicians in "measuring" developmental disorders. For each diagnosis in the DSM-IV there are certain characteristics or features that must be present. Direct therapy - provided when a therapist works directly with the child. Discrete trial - a specific method of instruction in which a task is isolated and taught to an individual by repeatedly presenting the same task to the person. Dyspraxia - 1) Difficulty with smooth, coordinated voluntary movements involved in speech. 2) Poor praxis or motor planning. A less severe, but more common dysfunction than apraxia. Echolalia - A term referring to the repetition of words or phrases. Echolalia may occur immediately after the phrase has been said, or may be delayed and occur some time afterward. Immediate echolalia occurs when your child repeats words or phrases, usually the last part of what is said, immediately after it is heard. Delayed echolalia occurs when your child uses words or phrases, days, weeks, months or even years after it was heard. Expressive language - refers to the language that the individuals can communicate to others. Oral expressive language refers to the child's ability to express thoughts, feelings, wants and desires through oral speech. Expressive language may also refer to gestures, signing, communication through pictures and objects, and writing. Fine Motor Skills: These are the activities that require the coordination of the smaller muscle of the body, especially those of the hand. Functional Analysis - a method of evaluating behaviours exhibited by an individual by carefully observing what happens before and after the behaviour occurs. Specific behaviours are looked at in terms of the purpose of the behaviour and what functions the behaviours are serving for the individual. Functions of communication - the purpose or reasons to communicate: for example, to request, to protest, to comment. Generalize, generalizations - term used to describe the ability to learn a skill in one situation and be able to apply it flexibly to other similar but different situations. The term "over generalize" refers to the tendency of those with autism to use a skill in all settings just as it was taught, without modifications that reflect the differences in a situation. Gross Motor Skills: These are the activities we do using our larger muscle groups; like sitting, walking & jumping. Hanen - More than Words - Is a program that helps parents address the challenges of engaging their child in interactions and teaches them how to help their child communicate for social purposes as well as to get their needs met. Hyperlexia - an ability to read at an early age and advanced level without instruction. Hypersensitivity - acute, often painful, reaction to sensory input. Hyposensitivity - little or no reaction to sensory input. Intervention - Interventions are the actions that parents and service providers agree to take in order to help a child grow to his or her potential. Interventions are sometimes called treatments. Identification - Is the process of detecting which children in our communities might have an ASD. It involves educating people about what to look for and where to get help. Specific screening and assessment tools are used to help confirm whether a child has ASD or another disorder. Individual Family Service Plan - The IFSP is an action plan that identifies your family's priorities and what services will be provided to meet the needs of your child and family. The IFSP process is flexible, continuous and individualized to reflect your family's unique interests, expectations and circumstance. Intake: Intake is the first step towards getting your child seen by the EIIS Autism Team. It is a process of gathering information that lets the team know that you have a concern about your child's development. Joint attention - when an infant and caregiver can coordinate their attention about an object or mutual interest. This involves shifting their attentions from each other to an object and back. Language - is a system of communication that everyone understands. It can include expressing and understanding gestures, picture pointing, written and spoken words. Most of us understand and use spoken words as the primary way to communicate with others. Your child may use a different language to communicate such as picture pointing or sign language. Lovaas Method - an intensive behavioral therapy that often requires a minimum of 40 hours per week in one-on-one therapy. Discrete trial formats are one technique used to provide the intensive behavioral therapy. Modified Check list for Autism in Toddlers (MCHAT) is a diagnostic tool to help screen for autism at 18 months of age. Motor planning - the ability of the brain to conceive of, organize, and carry out a sequence of unfamiliar actions. Also known as praxis. Multidisciplinary - a team approach involving specialists in more than one discipline, such as a team made up of a occupational therapist, a speech and language pathologist, a psychologist, an early interventionists, or other specialists as needed. Neurobiological disorder - a disorder which has its origin in the neurological or biological functioning of the body. Neurobiological: an illness of the nervous system caused by genetic, metabolic, or other biological factors. Neurologist: - is a special type of physician who diagnoses and treats disorders of the nervous system. This includes diseases of the brain, spinal cord, nerves, and muscles. PDD-NOS - Pervasive Developmental Disorder - Not Otherwise Specified - is part of the autistic spectrum and encompasses cases where there is marked impairment related to autism, but when full features for autism or another ASD are not met PDDST-II: Pervasive Developmental Disorder screening test Pervasive Developmental Disorder (PDD) Similar to ASD - PDD is the term used in the DSM-IV to describe autism and other related disorders, such as Asperger's syndrome. Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS): PECS is an alternative communication system for non-verbal or functionally non-verbal individuals. The approach is designed to help young children with autism learn to initiate requests and communicate their needs. PECS uses a behaviorally based program to teach the child to exchange a picture card for something he/she likes and wants. Pragmatics - The practical aspect of using language to communicate in a natural context. It includes rules about eye contact between speaker and listener, how close to stand, taking turns, selecting topics of conversation, and other requirements to ensure that satisfactory communication occurs. Many of the rules have a cultural base. Prompt - This is a form of assistance or cue that is given to help your child compete a task. There are several types of prompts: physical prompt, location prompt, verbal prompt, visual prompt. Pronoun Reversal: is when pronouns like "I" or "me" are switched with "you" or "them". With pronoun reversal the child may say, "you want a cookie" when he actually means that he wants one himself (I want a cookie). Proprioception - a sense that tells us about our body parts and body position Receptive language - refers to the ability to understand what is being said, signed, or read. Reinforcement - a pleasant event that occurs immediately as a direct result of an action and that increases the strength of the action or the likelihood that the action will be repeated. Respite care - Respite services offer the primary caregiver (parents) an opportunity to get temporary breaks from the demands of caring for a person with severe disabilities. Rhett Syndrome is part of the autistic spectrum. Rett's affects only females. It has similar characteristics to autism, but includes reduced head growth and usually profound cognitive delays. Screening / Screeners: Screeners are brief assessments designed to identify children who may need a more comprehensive evaluation. Self-regulatory & Self-stimulatory behaviour (stimming) - self-initiated, repetitive movements performed (presumably) to relieve stress (i.e. rocking, flapping, spinning, finger-flicking, and/or unusual manipulation of inanimate objects). Sensory defensiveness - refers to a group of symptoms that indicate an over reactions of our normal senses. Individual may exhibit patterns of avoidance, sensory seeking, fear, anxiety, and even aggression in reaction to certain sensory stimuli. Sensory Integration - the organization of sensory input for use by the individual. Parts of the nervous system work together through sensory integration so that an individual can effectively interact with the environment. Sensory Integration Therapy (SI) - treatment involving sensory stimulation and adaptive responses to it according to the child's neurologic needs. Therapy is implemented by on occupational therapist and usually involves full body movements that provide vestibular, proprioceptive and tactile stimulation. The goal of therapy is to improve the way the brain processes and organizes the senses. Social Adaptation: This is a child's ability to respond to and interact with others at a level that is appropriate for his/her age. It can also mean developing self-help skills like dressing, toileting and eating which can lead to greater independence. Social Interaction: is the process through which individuals act in relation to one another. Social Skills - positive, appropriate, social behaviours that are generally considered necessary to communicate and interact with others. Stim or Stimming - short for self-stimulation, like rocking or tapping. Symptoms: Symptoms are the indications that a disorder is present Syndrome - a condition characterized by a group of co-occurring symptoms that have a specific effect on a group of individuals. Tactile - pertaining to the sense of touch on the skin TEACCH - a structured teaching intervention developed by Division TEACCH of the University of North Carolina. Transition Cue - an object that serves as a reminder of the targeted destination. Transitions - may refer to changes from one environment to another such as from an early childhood program to school. Transitions may also refer to changes from one activity to another. Transitions are typically very difficult for a child with ASD. Vestibular - this is a sense that give us information about movement and gravity. Visual adaptations / Visual supports - written schedules, lists, charts, picture sequence, and other visuals that convey meaningful information in a permanent format for later reference. Visual adaptations allow the person with autism to function more independently without constant verbal direction. Visual Schedule - a group of pictures or objects that shows your child the order of events or activities. Work System - the visual organization of directions, materials, and environments to clarify expectations. This clear visual organization promotes independence from another person to provide verbal prompts and cues. Acronyms ABA - Applied Behavioral Analysis |
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Christina Schulze-Allen - EIIS Regional Coordinator Western Regional CAYAC, P.O. Box 520, Middleton Nova Scotia, B0S 1P0 Email: csa.cyiwg@ns.sympatico.ca |
Phone: (902) 825-5377 Fax: (902) 825-5379 |
Supported by Kings Regional Rehabilitation Centre Technical Resource Centre |
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